| Nellie McClung | |
|---|---|
| Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta | |
| In office 18 July 1921 – 28 June 1926 |
|
| Succeeded by | John Lymburn, Charles Weaver, Charles Gibbs, Warren Prevey and David Duggan |
| Constituency | Edmonton |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 20 October 1873 Chatsworth, Ontario |
| Died | 1 September 1951 (aged 77) Victoria, British Columbia |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Spouse(s) | Robert Wesley McClung[1] |
| Occupation | social activist |
Nellie McClung, born Nellie Letitia Mooney (20 October 1873 – 1 September 1951), was a Canadian feminist, politician, and social activist. She was a part of the social and moral reform movements prevalent in Western Canada in the early 1900s. In 1927, McClung and four other women: Henrietta Muir Edwards, Emily Murphy, Louise McKinney and Irene Parlby, who together came to be known as "The Famous Five" (also called "The Valiant Five"), launched the "Persons Case," contending that women could be "qualified persons" eligible to sit in the Senate. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that current law did not recognize them as such. However, the case was won upon appeal to the Judicial Committee of the British Privy Council—the court of last resort for Canada at that time.
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Born in Chatsworth, Ontario in 1873, she later moved with her family to a homestead in the Souris Valley of Manitoba.[2] Between 1904 and 1911, Nellie McClung, her husband Wesley (a druggist) and their five children[3] resided in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The women’s rights movement in Winnipeg embraced her. An effective speaker with a sense of humour, she played a leading role in the successful Liberal campaign in 1914.[2] She lived in the West for the rest of her life in [Manitoba], Winnipeg, Edmonton, Calgary and Victoria. McClung was the grandmother of outspoken Alberta judge John McClung. The Manitou house in which McClung and her family lived has been re-located to the Archibald Historical Museum in La Rivière, Manitoba where it has been restored. The house is open to the public.
McClung once said "Why are pencils equipped with erasers if not to correct mistakes?", when arguing for the support of equitable divorce laws, of which she was a long time supporter.[4]
Her great causes were women's suffrage and the temperance. She understood that the First World War had played an important role in broadening the appeal of women's suffrage because the manpower shortages required widespread female employment, making the image of the sheltered female more obviously inapplicable to Canadian circumstances.[5] It was largely through her efforts that in 1916 Manitoba became the first province to give women the right to vote and to run for public office.[6] The Government of Canada followed suit that same year. After moving to Edmonton, she continued the campaign for suffrage. She championed dental and medical care for school children, property rights for married women, mothers' allowances, factory safety legislation and many other reforms. McClung was a supporter of the then popular social philosophy of eugenics and campaigned for the sterilization of those considered "simple-minded". Her promotion of the benefits of sterilization contributed to the passage of eugenics legislation in Alberta.[7]
She published her first novel Sowing Seeds in Danny in 1908. A national bestseller, it was succeeded by short stories and articles in several Canadian and American magazines. She served as a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1921 to 1926. As an opposition member, her opportunity to press for women's rights was limited, because women were not taken seriously[8]
She was one of The Famous Five (also called The Valiant Five), with Irene Parlby, Henrietta Muir Edwards, Emily Murphy and Louise McKinney. The five put forward a petition, in 1927, to clarify the term "Persons" in Section 24 of the British North America Act 1867. This section had served to exclude women from political office. The petition was successful, clearing the way for women to enter politics in Canada.[6]
Among other honours, in October 2009, the Senate voted to name McClung and the rest of the Five Canada's first "honorary senators."[9]
There is now a library named after McClung in Victoria, British Columbia.